Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 98, Issue 9 , Pages 535-539 , September 2004

Intra-household clustering of hepatitis C virus infection in Karachi, Pakistan

  • Saeed Akhtar

      Affiliations

    • Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +92-21-48594819; fax: +92-21-4934294.
    • ,
  • Tariq Moatter

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan

Received 19 May 2003 ,Revised 16 December 2003 ,Accepted 16 December 2003.

References 

  1. Akhtar S, Moatter T, Rahbar MH, Azam I, Salman A. Prevalence and risk factors for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Karachi, Pakistan. J. Viral. Hepat. 2002;9:309–314
  2. Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Sem. Liver Dis. 1995;15:5–14
  3. Britton T. Tests to detect clustering of infected individuals within families. Biometrics. 1997;53:98–109
  4. Brusaferro S, Barbone F, Adrian P. A study on the role of the family and other risk factors in HCV transmission. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1999;15:125–132
  5. Daniel, W.W., 1987. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences. John Wiley, New York, pp. 352–386.
  6. Demelia L, Vallebona E, Poma R, Sanna G, Masia G, Coppola RC. HCV transmission in family members of subjects with HCV related chronic liver disease. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1996;12:45–50
  7. Everhart JE, Di Bisceglie AM, Murray LM, Alter HJ, Melpolder JJ, Kuo G, et al. Risk for non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis through sexual or household contact with chronic carriers. Ann. Intern. Med. 1990;12:544–545
  8. Hussain R, Fikree FF, Berendes HW. The role of son preference in reproductive behaviours in Pakistan. Bull. World Health Organ. 2000;8:379–388
  9. Kim YS, Chi HS, Ahn Y, Lee H, Klag MJ. Lack of familial clustering of hepatitis C virus infection. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1998;27:525–529
  10. Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, Shimizu S, Furuta S, Miyazaki Y, et al. Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 1991;33:114–116
  11. Pasha O, Luby SP, Khan AJ, Shah SA, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. Household members of hepatitis C virus-infected people in Hafizabad, Pakistan: infections by injections from health care providers. Epidemiol. Infect. 1999;123:515–518
  12. Sagnelli E, Gaeta GB, Felaco FM, Stroffolini T, Conti S, Glielmo A, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in households of anti-HCV chronic carriers in Italy: a multicentre case-control study. Infection. 1997;25:346–349
  13. Saltoglu N, Tasova Y, Burgut R, Dundar IH. Sexual and non-sexual intrafamilial spread of hepatitis C virus: Intrafamilial transmission of HCV. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1998;14:225–228
  14. Vegnente A, Iorio R, Saviano A, Fariello I, Aponte S, Nasca MG, et al. Lack of intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C in family members of children with chronic hepatitis C infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1994;13:886–889
  15. Walter SD. The analysis of regional patterns in health data: 1. Distributional considerations. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1992;136:730–741

PII: S0035-9203(04)00101-4

doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2003.12.010

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 98, Issue 9 , Pages 535-539 , September 2004

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution