Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 94, Issue 3 , Pages 253-255 , May 2000

Changing patterns of clinical malaria since 1965 among a tea estate population located in the Kenyan highlands

  • G.D. Shanks

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAuthors for correspondence: G. D. Shanks, USAMC, AFRIMS, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; phone +66 2 644 6691, fax +66 2 247 6030.
    • US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Box 401, Unit 64109, APOAE 09831-4109, USA
    • ,
  • K. Biomndo

      Affiliations

    • Brooke Bond Central Hospital, Kericho, Kenya
    • Deceased.
    • ,
  • S.I. Hay

      Affiliations

    • TALA Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    • ,
  • R.W. Snow

      Affiliations

    • Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, P.O. Box 43640, Nairobi, Kenya
    • Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

Received 27 August 1999 ,Revised 25 October 1999 ,Accepted 9 November 1999.

References 

  1. Greenberg AE, Ntumbanzondo M, Ntula N, Mawa L, Howell J, Davachi F. Hospital-based surveillance of malaria-related paediatric morbidity and mortality in Kinshasa, Zaire. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1989;67:189–196
  2. Lindsay SW, Martens WJM. Malaria in the African highlands: past, present and future. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1998;76:33–45
  3. Loevinsohn ME. Climatic warming and increased malaria incidence in Rwanda. Lancet. 1994;343:713–718
  4. Malakooti MA, Biomndo K, Shanks GD. Re-emergence of epidemic highland malaria in western Kenya. Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1998;4:671–676
  5. Masaba SC, Anyona DB, Chepkwoni DK. In vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the Nandi District, Kenya. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 1985;63:593–595
  6. Mouchet J. L'origine des épidémies de paludisme sur les plateaux de Madagascar et les montagnes d'Afrique de l'est et du sud. Bulletin de la Société Pathologie Exotique. 1998;91:64–66
  7. Mouchet J, Manguin S, Sircoulon J, Laventure S, Faye O, Onapa AW, et al. Evolution of malaria in Africa for the past 40 years: impact of climatic and human factors. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 1998;14:121–130
  8. Ng'etich WK. An assessment of the effects of drought in tea areas. In: Internal Document. Tea Research Foundation of Kenya; 1997;
  9. Price RN, Nosten F, Luxemburger C, Ter Kuile FO, Paiphun L, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, et al. Effects of artemisin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. Lancet. 1996;347:1654–1658
  10. Rapuoda BA, Ouma JH, Njagi K, Khan B, Omar S. Status of antimalarial drug sensitivity in Kenya. Malaria and Infectious Diseases in Africa. 1996;8:25–43
  11. Strangeways-Dixon D. Paludrine (proguanil) as a malarial prophylactic amongst African labour in Kenya. East African Medical Journal. 1950;28:1–4
  12. Trape JF, Pison G, Preziosi MP, Enel C, Desgrees du Lou A, Delaunay V, et al. Impact of chloroquine resistance on malaria mortality. Comptes Rendus de L'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Série III. 1998;321:689–697
  13. White NJ, Nosten F, Looareesuwan S, Watkins WM, Marsh K, Snow RW, et al. Averting a malaria disaster. Lancet. 1999;353:1965–1967

☆ This paper is not in copyright.

☆☆ Disclaimer. The views of this paper are those of the authors and do not purport to reflect official policy of the US Army or Department of Defense.

PII: S0035-9203(00)90310-9

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 94, Issue 3 , Pages 253-255 , May 2000

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